Criminal Justice

1. The type of validity that establishes a measure covers the full range of a concept’s meaning.

a) Criterion-related validity

b) Construct validity

c) Content Validity

d) Face Validity

2. Making the claim that smoking leads to cancer, heart disease, and premature mortality among

smokers is considered to have what kind of validity? Choose the BEST response.

a) Criterion Validity

b) Construct Validity

c) Face Validity

d) Causal Validity

3. This term is used to determine how well particular items on a scale are related to one another or

“how they hang together”. This helps measure internal consistency of a scale.

a) Causal validity

b) Face validity

c) Reliability

d) Cronbach’s alpha

4. When similar measurements are obtained by different observers rating the same persons,

events, or places, they are said to have good inter-observer reliability.

a) True

b) False

5. A measure is ___________when it yields consistent scores or observations of a given

phenomenon on different occasions, this is also a prerequisite for measurement validity

a) Generalizable

b) Valid

c) Cross-sectional

d) Reliable

6. A researcher assesses inmates for prevalence of mental illness at prison entry and exit, the

degree to which the two measurements are related is called ______.

a) Internal Validity

b) Criterion Validity

c) Predictive Validity

d) Test-retest reliability

7. ACT and SAT scores are said to have what kind of validity in determining how well prospective

students will do in college.

a) Criterion-Related Validity

b) Content Validity

c) Test-retest reliability

d) Predictive Validity

8. To prevent testing (a threat to internal validity), a researcher gives slightly different versions or

_________ of an assessment at different points in time.

a) Test-retest reliability

b) None of these

c) Split halves reliability

d) Alternate Forms

9. Construct validity measures how well something is measured in comparison with ______.

a) A measure taken later in time

b) A measure that is related to other measures as specified in a theory

c) A population

d) A unit of analysis

10. What is the main difference between validity and reliability

Group of answer choices

a) None of these

b) Validity refers to accuracy and reliability gauges consistency

c) Validity refers to consistency, reliability refers to accuracy

d) Validity and reliability are the same

11. What are the four main types of measurement validity?

a) Test-retest, construct, content, inter-observer

b) Construct, content, face, and criterion

c) Criterion, face, test-retest, construct

d) Content, face, generalizability, focus

12. Joan is interested in researching neighborhood home robbery rates in Orange County, Florida.

She extracts data from the Orange County Sheriff’s Office and identifies the neighborhoods with

the highest robbery rates. Which of the following describes the kind of data Joan is using for her

research?

a) None of these

b) Secondary Data

c) Primary Data

13. Joan decides to add other variables to her analysis: (rural, urban, suburban communities),

season (Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter), average income of residents, and number of days

between burglaries. Which of the following is true regarding the variable (rural, urban, or

suburban communities)?

a) This is an interval variable

b) This is a dichotomous variable

c) This is a ratio variable

d) This is a categorical variable

14. Which of the following is a viable research question for Joan regarding the predictors of

residential robberies in Orange County, FL?

a) All of these

b) What influence does the season of the year have on the likelihood of residential robberies

occurring in Orange County, FL?

c) What is the relationship between the rate of robberies and type of residential community (rural,

urban, or suburban)?

d) What are the predictors of residential robberies in Orange County, FL?

15. Joan chooses “What are the predictors of residential robberies in Orange County, FL?” What is

the dependent variable?

a) None of these

b) Residential robberies

c) Orange County

d) The predictors

16. In Joan’s research question “What are the predictors of residential robberies in Orange County,

FL?” Which of the following is the unit of analysis?

a) Geographical Cluster: Orange County, FL

b) None of these

c) Robberies

d) Predictors of robberies

17. In Joan’s research question, “What are the predictors of residential robberies in Orange County,

FL?”, which of the following is the independent variable? For clarification the following are

predictors she will use: (rural, urban, suburban communities), season (Spring, Summer, Autumn,

and Winter), average income of residents, and number of days between burglaries.

a) The predictors

b) None of these

c) Residential robberies

d) Orange County

18. A researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that low education affects crime. He gathers a sample

of people aged 25 and older. What is the independent variable?

a) Men and women age 25

b) None of these

c) Low education

d) Crime

19. A researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that low education affects crime. He gathers a sample

of people aged 25 and older. What is the dependent variable?

a) Group of answer choices

b) none of these

c) People 25 and older

d) Low education

e) Crime

20. A researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that low education affects crime. He gathers a sample

of people aged 25 and older. What is the unit of analysis?

a) Organization

b) Individuals (aged 25 or older)

c) Social artifacts

d) None of these