According to the reading, smaller independent record labels were able to succeed, and even thrive, during
the post-war era. This led to the development of rock and roll, as these labels took the lead in
experimenting with styles, markets, and tastes. Using two labels mentioned in the readings as contrasting
examples, describe the difficulties that they faced before and after the Great Depression. Second, discuss
the techniques by which they worked to overcome those difficulties. Third, describe the ways in which each
carved a niche in genre and marketing. Use the following types of information to guide your essay: What
artists, genres, geographic or social tastes defined each label? Were they successful? Where there any
specific ideologies or strategies that they used? What role did the producers play (did they allow the artists
freedom, did they suggest specific songs or stylistic changes)? Who were the important figures?
or
Drawing from this week’s reading, lectures, listening, and the Etta James interview, describe the
relationship between white and African-American artists during the post-War era. This will take the form of
two parts. Identify and discuss one practice in the music industry that allows for new opportunities for black
artists during this period. Second, do the same with one practice that hinders the opportunities for
economic success by black artists. For both parts, use at least 3 examples to demonstrate your point:
experiences by individual artists, efforts by specific members of the music industry (DJs, record labels,
producers), changes and trends in audiences during this time, or any other relevant information. Your goal
is to fully DESCRIBE and EXPLAIN one way in which new opportunities exist and one way in which
barriers remain.