Cyberterrorism:
Cyberterrorism is when someone uses the internet in a violent way which often includes threats,
tremendous bodily harm or loss of life, in attempts to gain political or cultural power ( are these the only goals of cyberterrorism. (Include a criminal justice related definition from a source such as the FBI or from a peer review journal article about cyber terrorism and cite). Cyberterrorists (what is a cyber terrorist?) engage in cyberattacks in order to complete their missions (what is the mission of a cyber terrorist?). Remember you have Questia to look up articles.
Problem
People with experience in cyberterrorism have the potential to devastate whole countries. They can interfere with the way the government works. They have access to private hospital records. ( is interfering with the way the government works and accessing hospital records the only way cyberterrorism can cause harm? They even have an ability to affect national security matters (for example?).
Individuals use cyberterrorism to threaten and intimidate others into sharing their particular views concerning society and political issues (What proof do you have of this? find supporting documentation and cite). These cyberterrorists are essentially bullying people to abandon their own personal views and adapt new more rigid views that fit better into the cyberterrorists frame of mind( what proof do you have of this, provide supporting documentation and cite).
Experienced cyberterrorists, who are gifted as far as hacking can cause enormous harm to government frameworks, clinic records, and national security programs, which may leave a nation, network or association in strife and in dread of further assaults.
What is the specific problem that your project is going to solve or investigate?
Purpose
Why is it important to study cyberterrorism? Usually the purpose of the study is to answer the research question. It is helpful to flush out the problem statement first.
Who will benefit?
Why do we care?
Research question
How has cyberterrorism affected America? This is too broad and needs to be narrowed. I suggest picking a particular type of cyber terrorsm or particular harm caused by cyberterrorism.
Study design
?
Annotated Bibliography
The following link will help with the annotated bibliography
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/annotated_bibliographies/annotated_bibliography_samples.html
Cyberterrorism conjures up images of vicious terrorists unleashing catastrophic attacks against computer networks, wreaking havoc, and paralyzing nations. This is a frightening scenario, but how likely is it to occur? Could terrorists cripple critical military, financial, and service computer systems?
This article charts the rise of cybergangs and examines the evidence cited by those who predict imminent catastrophe. Psychological, political, and economic forces have combined to promote the fear of cyberterrorism. From a psychological perspective, two of the greatest fears of modern time are combined in the term “cyberterrorism.” The fear of random, violent victimization segues well with the distrust and outright fear of computer technology. Many of these fears, the report contends, are exaggerated: not a single case of cyberterrorism has yet been recorded, hackers are regularly mistaken for terrorists, and cyberdefenses are more robust than is commonly supposed. Even so, the potential threat is undeniable and seems likely to increase, making it all the more important to address the danger without inflating or manipulating it.
At the point when normal residents consider cyber dangers, most are presumably stressed over their passwords and banking subtleties, not a terrorist attack. The idea of a shooting in a shopping center or a shelling at an air terminal is most likely more terrifying than a digital rupture. However, terrorists based oppressors focus on mental just as physical demolition, and our exploration has discovered that, contingent upon who the aggressors and also, the unfortunate casualties are, the mental impacts of digital dangers can match those of conventional fear based oppression.
Reference
Gross, M. L., Canetti, D., & Vashdi, D. R. (2016). The psychological effects of cyber terrorism.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370589/
Applied Research Methods in Criminal Justice LIB 150
Student Name ASA Email
Student ID Instructor Name
Date
Instructor Email
Research Plan Process
Students will use this form to go through the process of creating a research plan. The goals of this process are to: (1) Assist with the planning of the details of your research project as discussed in class readings and discussions, and (2) document your progress throughout the semester.
Recommendations for How to Use This Form
This Research Plan form is intended to help you plan the details of your research project. It provides a space for you and your instructor to work out all the details of your project. It is recommended that you use this form in a step-by-step way to help you plan your project.
Do’s and Don’ts
• Do prepare your answers in a separate Word document, as editing and revising will be easier.
o Set font formatting to Times New Roman, 11point, regular style font Use the “Format” menu.
• Do copy/paste items into the right-hand fields when they are ready.
• Do read the item descriptions and their respective Instructions carefully. Items request very specific information. Be sure you understand what is asked.
• Do use primary sources to the greatest extent possible as references. Textbook (Maxfield and Babbie,) will not be acceptable as the only reference
• Don’t delete the descriptions in the left column!
• Don’t lock the form. That will stop you from editing and revising within the form.
• Don’t skip items or sections. If an item does not apply to your study, type “NA” in its field; i.e., leave no blank spaces in the form.
• Sections I and II should be submitted for Midterm
SECTION 1 Title, Problem, and Purpose
1.1 Research Project Title
APA guideline is 12 words or fewer
1.2 Research Problem
Describe the scientific problem. This paragraph goes beyond the social problem. E.g. X is known from the literature, Y is known from the literature, but Z is not known and that is why this study’s research question is important. Provide relevant, current citations from the peer-reviewed literature.
1.3 Advancing the Knowledge Base
Specifically describe how this research will advance knowledge in your specialization area (Criminal Justice) by answering all of these 3 questions using bullet points and in-text citations.
This research will advance scientific Knowledge in criminal justice by addressing an area of inquiry not yet covered on this particular incident or requires more investigation.
1. Does the study address something that is not known or has not been studied before—How is this study new or different from other studies?
2. If your research questions are studied, how could your findings impact your field of interest— “So what?”
3. What possible practical implications do you predict the results of your research will have? For instance, what will be the impact of these results on your sample, your site location, or your workplace— “Who cares?”
SECTION 2 Theory, Research Question, and Hypothesis
2.1 Theoretical Foundation
List the major theory or theories that serve as the backbone of the study. List each theory, briefly describe it, and list a reference for each immediately below the theory.
2.2 Research Questions
List the research question(s). The question(s) should align with the research problem and reflect methodology. Be very specific here.
Research plans can typically have between 1-6 research questions for quantitative studies and one overarching question for qualitative.
2.3 Hypothesis
Define and list the hypothesis for this study. Remember to cite.
All Sections of the Research Plan must be Submitted for Final
SECTION 3 Methodology, Sampling, Ethics
3.1 Identify the variables (quantitative) or the concepts (qualitative)
Define and cite variables. Be sure to list the variables you will use.
Make sure to discuss dependent and independent variable.
Make sure these variables or concepts align with the research questions. Remember to cite
3.2 General Methodology (Study Design)
Choose the methodology you believe is most appropriate for this study.
The methodology chosen for this study is
____ Quantitative
____ Qualitative
____ Mixed Method
3.3 Justification for Methodology (Study Design)
Describe how your design is best suited to answering your research questions.
3.4 Measurements
Define measurements. Discuss the different types of measurements. Identify the key measurement used in your study; provide citations to support their use.
3.5 Validity
List and define/explain the types of validity your study shows. Give reasons for the validity you identified.
3.6 Rationales
List all survey or interview questions. Answer the following questions about each of your questions.
1. Why did you ask this question?
2. What information do you hope to gain by asking this question?
3. How will the information you gain from this question help to answer the main research question?
Attach a copy of your survey or interview you plan to use as an appendix to your Research Plan.
3.7 Pilot Study
Describe any pilot test that may be required for any instruments (survey or interview).
Remember to cite
3.8 Population and Sampling Plan
Describe the population of people OR data (e.g. newspaper articles, schools, neighborhoods) in which your study is interested. Briefly describe the characteristics of this sample, including (a) demographics, (b) inclusion criteria, if any, (c) exclusion criteria, if any. Describe how you plan to select the sample. Include the steps you will take to recruit participants. Provide enough detail so that someone else would be able to follow this recipe to conduct the study. Provide rationale for your decisions.
3.9 Sample Size
Define sample size. What is the expected sample size needed? How do you know? Provide citations (primary sources) to support the sample size decision, (e.g., articles indicating effect size of scales, or citations justifying your qualitative sample size).
3.10 Expected Site
Describe the site(s) or source from which you expect to draw your sample.
N/A.
3.11 Site Permission
Who is authorized to provide permission to use this site or source? Does the site have an IRB? What do you need to do to obtain permission to access the population or data source?
If using secondary data, please provide data link and permissions. N/A.
3.12 Participant Contact
How will potential participants first be contacted? How will participants be contacted following the study?
3.13 Data Collection
Describe the exact procedure that will be used to carry out the study. This is a step-by-step description of exactly how the research will be conducted. This should read like a recipe for conducting your study. Be sure to include all the necessary details so that someone else should be able to follow this and be able to replicate the study.
3.14 Data Analysis
Describe analysis procedures for each distinct data type: specific statistical analysis for quantitative studies; audiotapes, transcripts, videotape, field notes, photos, etc. for qualitative studies; or describe a combination of procedures for a mixed methods design. Ensure that the analysis is consistent with your chosen methodological approach.
Describe all methods and procedures for data analysis including: (a) types of data to be analyzed, (b) organizing raw data, (c) managing and processing data, (d) preparation of data for analysis, and (e) storage and protection of data.
3.15 Ethical Considerations.
Describe any ethical considerations given the sample population and/or topic. Please explain as fully as possible. E.g., How do you plan to protect human participants while identifying the sample, while collecting the data, while analyzing the data, after data are collected, when you store your data?
3.16 Risk Assessment.
Is your study more than minimal risk? Does the study examine a vulnerable population? What special steps will you take to protect your participants? Please explain.
Research Plan Status
The instructor will review the Research Plan form. A Research Plan form is approved if the Instructor has been able to answer “MET EXPECTATIONS” to all of the evaluation questions. A researcher has 3 opportunities to Revise the plan. After the third instance the grade assigned will noted as the final grade. In the case of a pass / fail option after the third revision and the instructor determines all expectations are met, the student will receive a grade of Pass. If the instructor determines the expectations are not met, the student will receive a grade of Fail.
If any of the items have been checked as “BELOW EXPECTATIONS,” then the student is asked to make revisions based on recommendations or other feedback provided. Revisions are things like needing to include more detail, issues where there are design flaws, potential ethical concerns or inconsistency in research questions, the measurements, APA formatting, and ethical issues etc. Failure occurs if the researcher fails to correct/address issues in the Research Plan on the third attempt.
Research Plan Evaluation
Criteria Met Expectations Below Expectations Instructor Comments
1
Research title, topic, and problem as appropriate ? (1.1,1.2)
2 Will the study advance knowledge in the field by meeting one of these four criteria? (1.3)
1. Does the study address something that is not known or has not been studied before?
2. Is this study new or different from other studies in some way?
3. Does the study extend prior research on the topic in some way?
4. Does the study fill a gap in the existing literature?
3 Does the research make a contribution to research theory in one of these ways? (2.1)
1. Does the research generate a new theory?
2. Does the research refine or add to a new theory?
3. Does the research test to confirm or refute theory?
4. Does the research expand theory by telling us something new about application or processes?
4 Do the research questions address the research problem? (2.2)
5 Is hypothesis defined and does it align with the topic? (2.3)
6 Do the variables align with the research question and methodology? Are definitions present and cited. (3.1)
7 Does the basic methodology (study Design) and rationale proposed seem appropriate to answer the research questions? (3.2, 3.3)
8 Is the research design clearly and accurately described? Can the design answer the research questions with the proposed sample, design, and analysis? (3.3, 3.8, 3.9)
9 Are any concerns about using the particular population, sample, site or how participants will be contacted, sufficiently addressed by the methodology? (3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12)
10 Is participant involvement, selection, and recruitment fully described and appropriate for the study? (3.12)
11 Are all data collection instruments, measures, scales, interview questions or observations, appropriate for this study? Have pilot studies (if necessary) been described? (3.13, 3.7, 3.4,3.5)
12 Does the researcher describe in detail the procedure to be followed in a step-by-step way so that it is completely clear how the research will be conducted? (3.13)
13 Are the proposed data analyses appropriate? Is there alignment between the research questions, proposed methodology, types of data to be collected and proposed data analysis? Is the language used to describe the type of design and data analysis plans consistent throughout? (3.14)
14 Have any potentially serious ethical concerns been considered and sufficiently addressed? (3.15)
15 Have risks been adequately identified? (3.16)
16 Have APA formatting rule been sufficiently applied (1.1 – 3.16
Research Plan Information
Instructor Name:
Date Decision
First Review
0 Date Accepted ____________________
0 Date Delayed _____________________
Reason for Delay (see comments on form)
0 Minor Revisions 0 Major Revisions
Second Review
(if needed) 0 Date Accepted ____________________
0 Date Delayed _____________________
Reason for Delay (see comments on form)
0 Minor Revisions 0 Major Revisions
Third Review
(if needed) 0 Date Accepted ____________________
0 Date Delayed _____________________
Reason for Delay (see comments on form)
0 Minor Revisions 0 Major Revisions
Final Decision
0 Pass ____________________
0 Fail_____________________
Reason (see comments on form):
0 Minor Revisions 0 Major Revisions
FINAL RESEARCH PLAN STATUS 0
Date Approved: _____________________________